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Raspberry Pi I/O Library
I recently found an interesting measuring project with the Raspberry Pi from Tom Herbison, a HF Network Analyzer, see RaspberryPiWobbulator.
In the process of building this project, I learned something about Input/Output programming with the Raspberry Pi, especially:
- GPIO
- I2C bus
I have looked at the following I/O libraries, with the main focus on Python programming:
i2c-tools, in the Debian repository, see also at software
Following I will give short references to the above mentioned Libraries, and some hardware references. All information are about the Raspberry Pi model B, revision 2.
RPi.GPIO
- Benefits
- RPi.GPIO comes already with the operating system (Debian Wheezy)
- high speed
- Drawbacks
- Needs root rights
- No bus support, I2C, SPI, 1-wire
Quick2Wire
From this company you can get an universal I/O board and good libraries, see at Links
- quick2wire-gpio-admin
- Benefit: do not need root rights
- Drawback: 10 times slower than RPi.GPIO
- quick2wire-python-api for GPIO and I2C
WiringPi
Wiring is used for the Arduino computer modules, in order to simplify the Input/Output programming. It is also ported to the Raspberry Pi.
- Drawbacks: needs root rights, special pin numbering
- Benefit: similar to the Arduino system
Raspberry Pi, hardware
Unfortunately there are 4 different naming systems for the I/O pins, and 2 hardware revisions (Rv1, Rv2). You always struggle which is which.
- header pins, numbers P1: 1 to 26
- Names, e.g. GPIO0, SDA
- BMC GPIO numbers
WiringPi pin, numbers P1: 0 to 16, P5: 17 to 20
Example pin naming from top to bottom: 8 = Rv1:0, Rv2:2 = (I2C)SDA = 3
The I/O port from the Raspberry Pi can be fed via 26 pin flat cable to a half size proto board, price about 6.50 EUR, see Links. This is for me the cheapest I/O extension for doing prototyping.
For the pin naming please see at Links.
Raspberry Pi, software
For the I2C/TWI interface bus you need a driver library, see Links, and must be enabled in Linux. For installation do:
# install documentation tool $ sudo apt-get install pandoc $ make check-install # tools to install $ sudo apt-get install python-pip $ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv # install GPIO library $ cd quick2wire-gpio-admin-master $ make $ sudo make install $ man gpio-admin # logout and login again, to activate the group assignment # check for function (24(BCM) = 18(pi_header_1) = 5(pins) = DATA on DDS-Generator) $ gpio-admin export 24 $ cat /sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio24/value 0 $ echo out > /sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio24/direction $ echo 1 > /sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio24/value $ cat /sys/devices/virtual/gpio/gpio24/value 1 # shut off pin $ gpio-admin unexport 24 # install $ cd quick2wire-python-api-master/ $ sudo adduser $USER i2c # logout and login again, to activate the group assignment or reboot later # install i2cdetect $ sudo apt-get install i2c-tools # Enable I2C bus software: # edit file /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf # Quick2wire software library needs it 2013-12-09 RR #blacklist spi-bcm2708 #blacklist i2c-bcm2708 # edit file /etc/modules # add line at the end: i2c-dev $ sudo reboot # check for i2c device descriptor $ ls /dev/i2* crw-rw---T 1 root i2c 89, 0 Dez 9 18:14 /dev/i2c-0 crw-rw---T 1 root i2c 89, 1 Dez 9 18:14 /dev/i2c-1 # check for modules $ lsmod Module Size Used by i2c_dev 5620 0 snd_bcm2835 15846 0 snd_pcm 77560 1 snd_bcm2835 snd_seq 53329 0 snd_timer 19998 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 6438 1 snd_seq snd 58447 5 snd_bcm2835,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_seq_device snd_page_alloc 5145 1 snd_pcm spidev 5224 0 leds_gpio 2235 0 led_class 3562 1 leds_gpio spi_bcm2708 4510 0 i2c_bcm2708 3759 0 $ sudo i2cdetect -y 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f 00: -- -- 05 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- .... # link Quick2Wire-API (i2c) library to Python # edit /home/pi/.profile # add # for I2C use export QUICK2WIRE_API_HOME=/home/pi/Install/quick2wire-python-api-master export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$QUICK2WIRE_API_HOME # logout and login again, to activate the environment
In order to start the program wobbulator.py from the command line the first line must be a shebang line, see also Links:
- #!/usr/bin/env python3
Links
Mikrocontroller.net, Deutsch Raspberry Pi Erklärungen
Exploring a digital I2C/SPI accelerometer (MMA7456L) with Bus Pirate
Adafruit Half-size Perma-Proto Raspberry Pi Breadboard PCB Kit, $6
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-- RudolfReuter 2013-12-19 09:29:08
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